KTB knowledge · 204 terms
Glossary
Key terms from procurement, maintenance, spare parts and foreign trade – explained briefly and clearly.
A
- ABC analysisSpare Parts & ObsolescenceABC analysis is a method that divides items into A, B and C classes according to their share of consumption value in order to target effort.
- Air preparation unit (FRL)Hydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingAn air preparation unit treats compressed air upstream of consumers, usually by filtering, regulating and, if required, lubricating it, protecting …
- Alternative part (equivalent part)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceAn alternative part is a component from another manufacturer or of another type that can replace an original part equivalently in form, fit and …
- AQL (acceptance quality limit)Quality & InspectionAQL (acceptance quality limit) is the quality level used in sampling inspection to decide whether a lot is accepted or rejected.
- ATEX (explosion protection)Standards & MarkingATEX refers to the EU explosion protection rules governing equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres and the protection of workers there.
- Axial piston pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingAn axial piston pump is a positive displacement pump in which pistons arranged parallel to the drive shaft deliver hydraulic oil at high pressure.
B
- Ball bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA ball bearing is a rolling bearing in which balls roll between the inner and outer rings, supporting shafts so that they can rotate with low …
- Ball screwAutomation & Drive TechnologyA ball screw converts rotary motion into precise linear motion with low friction by means of recirculating balls between the screw shaft and nut.
- Ball valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA ball valve is a shut-off valve whose bored ball fully opens or tightly closes the flow with a quarter turn.
- Bid comparison (quotation comparison)Procurement & PurchasingA bid comparison sets several quotations for the same enquiry against each other in terms of price, scope and terms in order to select the most …
- Bill of materials (BOM)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceA bill of materials (BOM) is a structured list of all assemblies, components and quantities that make up a product or a machine.
- Butterfly valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA butterfly valve is a pipeline valve that opens or shuts off the flow with a rotatable disc by means of a quarter turn.
C
- C-parts managementProcurement & PurchasingC-parts management optimises the procurement and supply of low-value, frequently needed items whose process costs often exceed their value.
- Cable glandAutomation & Drive TechnologyA cable gland brings a cable into an enclosure with a seal and strain relief, protecting the entry against dust, water and the cable being pulled out.
- CalibrationQuality & InspectionCalibration is determining and documenting the deviation of a measuring instrument from a traceable reference standard under specified conditions.
- Call-off orderProcurement & PurchasingA call-off order is an order used to draw partial quantities from an existing framework agreement on the terms agreed there.
- Capacitive sensorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA capacitive sensor detects objects and fill levels without contact by evaluating the change in an electric field between its electrodes.
- Category management (procurement)Procurement & PurchasingCategory management manages procurement by spend category, with its own strategies, suppliers and targets defined for each category.
- CE markingStandards & MarkingWith CE marking, the manufacturer declares that a product meets all applicable EU harmonisation legislation; it is not a quality seal.
- Centrifugal pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic machine that accelerates liquids with a rotating impeller, thereby generating pressure and flow.
- Certificate of originForeign Trade & CustomsA certificate of origin proves the country in which goods were produced under non-preferential origin rules; in Germany it is issued by the IHK.
- Check valve (non-return valve)Hydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA check valve is a self-acting valve that lets a medium pass in one direction only and prevents backflow by closing.
- Circuit breakerAutomation & Drive TechnologyA circuit breaker is a switching device that switches operating currents and automatically and safely interrupts overload and short-circuit currents.
- CMMS (maintenance management software)MRO & MaintenanceA CMMS (computerised maintenance management system) is maintenance software for planning and documenting servicing, repairs and spare parts.
- Complaint management (supplier claims)Quality & InspectionComplaint management is the structured process by which companies record, assess, clarify with the supplier and eliminate defects in delivered goods.
- Condition-based maintenanceMRO & MaintenanceCondition-based maintenance is a strategy that monitors equipment using measured condition parameters and only intervenes when limit values are …
- Conformity assessmentStandards & MarkingConformity assessment is the procedure used to demonstrate that a product meets the requirements of the EU legislation applicable to it.
- Consignment stockSpare Parts & ObsolescenceConsignment stock is held at the customer's site and remains the supplier's property until it is withdrawn, only then being invoiced.
- ContactorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA contactor is an electromagnetically operated switch that uses a small control voltage to switch large load currents on and off.
- Control cabinetAutomation & Drive TechnologyA control cabinet is an enclosure that houses and protects the electrical equipment of a machine or plant, such as controllers, drives and protective …
- Control valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA control valve is a final control element that continuously influences flow, pressure or temperature in a plant by means of a variable opening area.
- Counterfeit partsQuality & InspectionCounterfeit parts are parts with misrepresented origin, condition or specification, such as copies, relabelled parts or used parts sold as new.
- Critical spare partsSpare Parts & ObsolescenceCritical spare parts are parts whose absence causes plant downtime or a safety risk and which cannot be procured at short notice.
- Customs tariff number (HS code)Foreign Trade & CustomsThe customs tariff number assigns goods to a heading in the customs tariff and determines the duty rate, import charges and possible restrictions.
- Cylindrical roller bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA cylindrical roller bearing is a rolling bearing with cylindrical rollers that carries very high radial loads and permits high speeds.
D
- Deep groove ball bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA deep groove ball bearing is the most widely used type of rolling bearing; it carries radial loads and limited axial loads in both directions.
- Demand poolingProcurement & PurchasingDemand pooling combines similar requirements from several sites, departments or periods in order to improve terms and processes.
- Diaphragm pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump in which an oscillating diaphragm separates the pumped medium from the drive and draws it in and …
- Downtime costsMRO & MaintenanceDowntime costs are all costs a company incurs when a plant unexpectedly stops producing, from lost production to consequential damage.
- Dual sourcing and multiple sourcingProcurement & PurchasingDual sourcing and multiple sourcing refer to deliberately splitting a requirement between two or more qualified suppliers to reduce risk.
- Dual-use goodsForeign Trade & CustomsDual-use goods are goods, software and technology that can be used for both civil and military purposes and are therefore subject to export control.
E
- E-procurementProcurement & PurchasingE-procurement is the electronic handling of procurement processes, from supplier search and tendering to purchase order and invoice.
- ECCN (Export Control Classification Number)Foreign Trade & CustomsThe ECCN (Export Control Classification Number) is the five-character US export control number that assigns an item to an entry on the Commerce …
- Electric motorAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical rotation via magnetic fields and drives machinery.
- EMC DirectiveStandards & MarkingThe EMC Directive 2014/30/EU ensures that electrical equipment does not cause undue interference to other equipment and is itself sufficiently immune …
- EN 10204 (inspection documents)Quality & InspectionEN 10204 defines the types of inspection documents with which manufacturers of metallic products demonstrate compliance with the order.
- End of life (EOL)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceEnd of life (EOL) refers to the final phase in a product's life cycle, in which the manufacturer gradually ends production, sales and support.
- End-use certificate (end-user statement)Foreign Trade & CustomsAn end-use certificate is the recipient’s confirmation of the end user, intended use and final destination of goods, usually in the context of export …
- EORI numberForeign Trade & CustomsThe EORI number is an EU-wide identification number that companies must state in all customs declarations and customs-related procedures.
- Equipment availabilityMRO & MaintenanceEquipment availability is the proportion of planned time during which a plant is actually ready for operation and able to perform its required …
- EU declaration of conformityQuality & InspectionThe EU declaration of conformity is the manufacturer's declaration that its product meets all applicable EU harmonisation legislation.
- Export controlForeign Trade & CustomsExport control comprises government rules and in-house checks used to screen exports for licensing requirements, embargoes and sanctions.
- Export declarationForeign Trade & CustomsThe export declaration is the customs declaration with which goods are placed under the export procedure to leave the customs territory of the …
F
- FieldbusAutomation & Drive TechnologyA fieldbus is an industrial communication system that digitally connects sensors, actuators and drives to the controller via a shared cable.
- Flat gasketHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA flat gasket is a flat, static seal that is compressed between two flat surfaces, such as pipe flanges or housing covers.
- Flow meterAutomation & Drive TechnologyA flow meter measures how much liquid, gas or steam flows through a pipe per unit of time, either as volume or as mass.
- Fluid powerHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingFluid power is the umbrella term for hydraulics and pneumatics, i.e. the transmission of energy and signals by means of pressurised liquids or gases.
- FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis)Quality & InspectionFMEA (failure mode and effects analysis) is a preventive method for systematically assessing the potential failures of a product or process.
- Form, fit and function (FFF)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceForm, fit and function (FFF) describes the interchangeability of a spare part that matches the original part in geometry, mounting interfaces and …
- Framework agreementProcurement & PurchasingA framework agreement sets prices and terms for future deliveries over a defined period; the individual quantities are called off later.
- Frequency inverter (VFD)Automation & Drive TechnologyA frequency inverter is an electronic device that converts the frequency and voltage of the mains supply to control the speed of three-phase motors …
G
- Gear pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA gear pump is a positive displacement pump in which two meshing gears carry liquid in the tooth gaps from the suction side to the discharge side.
- Geared motorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA geared motor is a drive unit consisting of an electric motor and an attached gearbox that reduces speed and increases torque at the output shaft.
- Global sourcingProcurement & PurchasingGlobal sourcing is the worldwide search for and use of sources of supply to improve costs, availability or access to technology.
- Grey market (spare parts)Quality & InspectionThe grey market is trade in genuine goods outside the distribution channels authorised by the manufacturer, for example through independent dealers …
H
- Helical gearbox (spur gear unit)Automation & Drive TechnologyA helical gearbox transmits torque via externally toothed gears on parallel shafts and is considered a robust, highly efficient type of gearbox.
- HMI (human-machine interface)Automation & Drive TechnologyAn HMI (human-machine interface) is the operator interface of a machine, usually a touch panel, through which operators monitor and control processes.
- Hydraulic cylinderHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic cylinder is an actuator that converts hydraulic pressure into linear motion with high force, for example in presses or rolling mills.
- Hydraulic filterHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic filter retains particles from the hydraulic fluid, protecting pumps, valves and cylinders against wear and malfunctions.
- Hydraulic hoseHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic hose is a flexible pressure line consisting of inner tube, reinforcement and cover that carries hydraulic fluid between moving components.
- Hydraulic motorHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic motor converts the pressure and flow of a hydraulic fluid into a rotary motion with high torque, often at low speed.
- Hydraulic power unitHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic power unit is a compact assembly of tank, pump, drive motor and valves that supplies a machine with pressurised hydraulic oil.
- Hydraulic pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA hydraulic pump converts mechanical drive energy into hydraulic energy by delivering pressurised fluid into a hydraulic circuit.
I
- Incoming inspectionQuality & InspectionIncoming inspection checks delivered goods for quantity, identity, external damage, documents and agreed quality characteristics.
- IncotermsForeign Trade & CustomsIncoterms are delivery terms issued by the International Chamber of Commerce that define obligations, costs and transfer of risk between seller and …
- Indirect procurementProcurement & PurchasingIndirect procurement buys goods and services that do not go into the end product, such as MRO materials, services and operating equipment.
- Induction motor (three-phase asynchronous motor)Automation & Drive TechnologyAn induction motor is a three-phase motor whose rotor turns slightly slower than the rotating field; it is the most widely used industrial drive.
- Inductive proximity sensorAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn inductive proximity sensor is a non-contact proximity switch that detects metal objects by means of a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic …
- Industrial automationAutomation & Drive TechnologyIndustrial automation covers devices, software and methods used to control, regulate and monitor machines and processes automatically.
- Industrial connectorAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn industrial connector is a robust, detachable electrical connection for power, signals or data in machines, plants and control cabinets.
- Industrial distribution (technical trade)Procurement & PurchasingIndustrial distribution refers to the specialist and wholesale trade that supplies industrial companies with rolling bearings, drive technology …
- Industrial gearboxAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn industrial gearbox is a gearbox for machinery and plants that adapts the speed and torque of a drive to the needs of the driven machine.
- Industrial PCAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn industrial PC is a computer designed for harsh production environments that handles control, visualisation and data tasks on machines.
- Infrared thermography (maintenance)MRO & MaintenanceInfrared thermography is a non-contact measuring method that uses a thermal imaging camera to visualise temperature distributions and detect …
- Inspection certificate 3.1 (EN 10204)Quality & InspectionThe inspection certificate 3.1 to DIN EN 10204 confirms test results on the delivered product, signed by an inspector independent of production.
- Inventory managementSpare Parts & ObsolescenceInventory management covers the planning, control and monitoring of stock in order to ensure availability and keep tied-up capital low.
- Inventory turnoverSpare Parts & ObsolescenceInventory turnover indicates how often the average stock is consumed and replaced within a period, usually a year.
- IP rating (IP code)Standards & MarkingThe IP rating to IEC/EN 60529 indicates how well an enclosure is protected against contact, ingress of foreign objects and water.
L
- Last time buy (LTB)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceA last time buy is the final chance to order a discontinued product, buying the remaining demand for the rest of its service life.
- Linear guideAutomation & Drive TechnologyA linear guide is a machine element that guides moving assemblies precisely along a straight axis while absorbing forces and moments.
- Low Voltage Directive (LVD)Standards & MarkingThe Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU governs the safety of electrical equipment in the voltage range between 50 and 1000 V AC.
M
- Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230Standards & MarkingThe Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 governs the safety of machinery in the EU single market and applies from 20 January 2027 in place of the …
- MaintenanceMRO & MaintenanceUnder DIN 31051, maintenance covers all measures that retain or restore the functional condition of a plant or piece of equipment.
- Maintenance plan (maintenance schedule)MRO & MaintenanceA maintenance plan specifies for plants and assemblies which servicing and inspection tasks are carried out, at what interval, by whom and with which …
- Make-or-buy decisionProcurement & PurchasingThe make-or-buy decision determines whether a company produces a part or service itself or obtains it from an external supplier.
- Manufacturer part number (MPN)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceThe manufacturer part number (MPN) is the identifier assigned by the manufacturer that uniquely designates a component in a specific version.
- Mechanical sealHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA mechanical seal seals rotating shafts, for example in pumps and agitators, by means of two sealing faces that slide axially against each other.
- Metering pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA metering pump delivers a precisely adjustable volume of liquid per stroke or unit of time and is used to add chemicals and additives to processes …
- Minimum order quantity (MOQ)Procurement & PurchasingThe minimum order quantity (MOQ) is the smallest quantity of an item that a supplier accepts per order or delivers on the stated terms.
- Motor protection circuit breakerAutomation & Drive TechnologyA motor protection circuit breaker is a switching device that disconnects motors on overload, phase failure and short circuit and can also be …
- MRO (maintenance, repair and operations)MRO & MaintenanceMRO stands for maintenance, repair and operations and covers all goods and services that keep a plant running, serviced and repaired.
- MRO procurementProcurement & PurchasingMRO procurement is the purchasing of spare parts, wear parts, operating supplies and maintenance materials for ongoing plant operation.
- MTBF (mean time between failures)MRO & MaintenanceMTBF (mean time between failures) is the average operating time between two failures of a repairable system and a measure of its reliability.
- MTTR (mean time to repair)MRO & MaintenanceMTTR (mean time to repair) is the average time that elapses between the failure of a plant and the restoration of its functionality.
N
- Nameplate (rating plate)Standards & MarkingThe nameplate is a plate permanently attached to a product, showing the manufacturer, type designation, serial number and the most important …
- NearshoringProcurement & PurchasingNearshoring refers to relocating procurement, production or services to nearby countries rather than to distant low-wage regions.
- Non-destructive testing (NDT)Quality & InspectionNon-destructive testing (NDT) covers methods used to examine components for defects such as cracks or porosity without damaging them.
O
- O-ringHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingAn O-ring is an annular sealing element with a round cross-section that is compressed in a groove and seals static or dynamic joints.
- ObsolescenceSpare Parts & ObsolescenceObsolescence is the state in which a component, material or software is no longer offered by the manufacturer although it is still needed.
- Obsolescence managementSpare Parts & ObsolescenceObsolescence management detects component discontinuations early and plans measures so that plants stay operational without original parts.
- OEM (original equipment manufacturer)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceOEM (original equipment manufacturer) refers to the original manufacturer of a machine, plant or component that sells the product under its own name.
- Operational purchasingProcurement & PurchasingOperational purchasing covers the day-to-day processing of orders, from the purchase requisition through the order and goods receipt to invoice …
- Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE)MRO & MaintenanceOverall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is a KPI that multiplies a plant's availability, performance and quality to show its real productivity.
- Overhaul (refurbishment)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceAn overhaul is the complete dismantling, inspection and reconditioning of a machine or assembly to an almost as-new condition.
P
- Performance level (EN ISO 13849)Standards & MarkingThe performance level (PL) under EN ISO 13849-1 describes, in five levels from a to e, how reliably a control system performs a safety function.
- Photoelectric sensorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA photoelectric sensor is an optical sensor that detects objects as soon as they interrupt or reflect a light beam between emitter and receiver.
- Plain bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA plain bearing is a bearing in which the shaft and bearing surface slide on one another, separated by a lubricating film or a low-friction material.
- Planetary gearboxAutomation & Drive TechnologyA planetary gearbox is an epicyclic gear unit with sun gear, planet gears, ring gear and carrier that transmits high torques in a small space.
- Pneumatic cylinderHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA pneumatic cylinder converts the energy of compressed air into linear motion and serves as an actuator in automation and mechanical engineering.
- Pre-shipment inspection (PSI)Quality & InspectionPre-shipment inspection (PSI) is an inspection of goods at the supplier's site before dispatch so that deviations are detected before delivery.
- Predictive maintenanceMRO & MaintenancePredictive maintenance is a maintenance strategy that forecasts failures from condition and operating data and schedules intervention just beforehand.
- Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)Standards & MarkingThe Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU governs the design, manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment above 0.5 bar maximum …
- Pressure gauge (manometer)Automation & Drive TechnologyA pressure gauge is an instrument that displays the pressure of gases or liquids, in industry usually as a mechanical local dial instrument.
- Pressure regulatorHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA pressure regulator, also called a pressure reducing valve, lowers a fluctuating inlet pressure to an adjustable outlet pressure that is kept as …
- Pressure relief valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA pressure relief valve opens as soon as the system pressure reaches a set value, thereby protecting pumps, lines and consumers against overload.
- Pressure sensor (pressure transmitter)Automation & Drive TechnologyA pressure sensor, also called a pressure transmitter, detects the pressure of gases or liquids and converts it into an electrical measuring signal.
- Preventive maintenanceMRO & MaintenancePreventive maintenance is a strategy in which components are serviced or replaced at fixed time or usage intervals before they fail.
- Price adjustment clauseProcurement & PurchasingA price adjustment clause links a contractually agreed price to the development of defined cost factors such as material, energy or labour costs.
- Procurement as a serviceProcurement & PurchasingProcurement as a service refers to outsourcing purchasing tasks to an external service provider who takes them on as needed and often by category.
- Procurement managementProcurement & PurchasingProcurement management plans, steers and controls all processes through which a company obtains materials, goods and services externally.
- Procurement outsourcingProcurement & PurchasingIn procurement outsourcing, a company permanently hands over purchasing tasks or entire categories to an external service provider.
- Product discontinuation (PCN/PDN)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceA product discontinuation is a manufacturer's notice that a product is being phased out, usually with dates for last orders and deliveries.
- Programmable logic controller (PLC)Automation & Drive TechnologyA programmable logic controller (PLC) is a digital control device that controls machines and plants cyclically on the basis of a stored program.
- Progressive cavity pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA progressive cavity pump is a positive displacement pump in which a helical rotor turning in an elastic stator forms cavities that travel along the …
- Proof of preferential origin (EUR.1)Foreign Trade & CustomsA proof of preferential origin certifies the preferential origin of goods and allows reduced or zero import duties under trade agreements.
- Proportional valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA proportional valve adjusts pressure, flow or direction continuously and in proportion to an electrical setpoint, usually by means of a proportional …
- Purchase requisitionProcurement & PurchasingA purchase requisition (PR) is an internal request from a department to purchasing to procure a material or service.
- Purchase-to-pay (P2P)Procurement & PurchasingPurchase-to-pay (P2P) refers to the end-to-end procurement process from the requirement notification through ordering and goods receipt to payment of …
Q
R
- Radial shaft sealHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA radial shaft seal is a seal for rotating shafts whose spring-loaded lip runs radially on the shaft and keeps lubricant inside the housing.
- REACH RegulationStandards & MarkingThe REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 governs the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemical substances in the European …
- Reactive maintenanceMRO & MaintenanceReactive maintenance is a strategy in which action is only taken after a failure; components are deliberately run until they break down.
- RelayAutomation & Drive TechnologyA relay is an electrically operated switch in which a small control current, via a coil or electronics, switches a separate circuit.
- Reliability-centred maintenance (RCM)MRO & MaintenanceReliability-centred maintenance (RCM) is a method that determines the appropriate maintenance strategy for each plant function on the basis of its …
- Reorder pointSpare Parts & ObsolescenceThe reorder point is the stock level at which a replenishment order is triggered so that stock lasts until the goods are received.
- Repair (maintenance)MRO & MaintenanceUnder DIN 31051, repair covers all measures that return a failed or damaged item to a functioning condition.
- Replenishment lead timeSpare Parts & ObsolescenceReplenishment lead time is the period from identifying a requirement until the material is available in stock or at the point of use.
- Request for quotation (RFQ)Procurement & PurchasingA request for quotation (RFQ) asks suppliers to submit a binding price offer for clearly specified items or services.
- RetrofitMRO & MaintenanceRetrofit refers to modernising existing machines with new controls, drives or safety technology instead of replacing them entirely.
- Reverse engineering (spare parts)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceFor spare parts, reverse engineering is the redesign of a component from an existing sample when the original is no longer available.
- RoHSStandards & MarkingRoHS refers to EU Directive 2011/65/EU, which restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
- Rolling bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyRolling bearings are bearings in which balls or rollers roll between inner and outer rings, guiding and supporting shafts with low friction.
- Root cause analysis (RCA)MRO & MaintenanceRoot cause analysis (RCA) is a structured approach to finding the actual cause of a failure and preventing it from recurring.
- Rotary encoderAutomation & Drive TechnologyA rotary encoder is a sensor that converts the rotation of a shaft into electrical signals for position, angle or speed.
S
- Safety controller (safety PLC)Automation & Drive TechnologyA safety controller is a programmable controller that processes a machine’s safety functions in a fail-safe manner and shuts down in the event of …
- Safety light curtainAutomation & Drive TechnologyA safety light curtain is an electro-sensitive protective device that safeguards a hazardous area with parallel light beams.
- Safety relayAutomation & Drive TechnologyA safety relay is a switching device that evaluates safety functions such as emergency stop or guard door monitoring redundantly and safely shuts …
- Safety stockSpare Parts & ObsolescenceSafety stock is an inventory buffer that absorbs fluctuations in consumption and replenishment lead time and is intended to prevent stockouts.
- Safety switch (interlock switch)Automation & Drive TechnologyA safety switch monitors the position of guard doors or covers and positively signals any opening to the machine’s safety evaluation unit.
- Safety valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA safety valve is a self-acting valve that opens when a set pressure is exceeded and protects vessels or pipelines against overpressure.
- Sanctions list screeningForeign Trade & CustomsSanctions list screening is checking business partners against official sanctions lists in order to rule out prohibited transactions with listed …
- Second sourceSpare Parts & ObsolescenceA second source is a second, equivalent source of supply for a component that secures supply if the main supplier fails or faces a shortage.
- Servicing (maintenance)MRO & MaintenanceUnder DIN 31051, servicing covers all measures that slow down the depletion of a plant's wear reserve, such as cleaning, lubricating or adjusting.
- Servo motorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA servo motor is a closed-loop controlled electric motor that uses a feedback system and servo drive to set position, speed and torque precisely.
- SIL (safety integrity level)Standards & MarkingUnder IEC 61508, SIL (safety integrity level) is a four-level measure of the reliability with which a safety function reduces a risk.
- Single sourcingProcurement & PurchasingSingle sourcing is the deliberate decision to obtain a material or part from just one supplier, even though alternatives exist.
- Soft starterAutomation & Drive TechnologyA soft starter limits starting current and torque surge when a three-phase motor is switched on by increasing the voltage gradually.
- Solenoid valveHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA solenoid valve is a valve actuated by an electric coil that opens, closes or switches the flow of liquids or gases.
- Spare parts listSpare Parts & ObsolescenceA spare parts list records the replaceable parts of a machine with designation, part number and quantity and serves as the basis for ordering and …
- Spare parts managementSpare Parts & ObsolescenceSpare parts management plans, procures, stores and controls spare parts so that plants stay available and stock levels remain economical.
- Spare parts procurementSpare Parts & ObsolescenceSpare parts procurement is the purchasing process for spare parts, from identifying the part through source and quotation to delivery.
- Spare parts supplySpare Parts & ObsolescenceSpare parts supply means ensuring that required spare parts are available at the right time, in the right quality and in the right quantity.
- Spend analysisProcurement & PurchasingSpend analysis is the systematic evaluation of purchasing expenditure by supplier, category and business unit in order to identify potential and …
- Spherical roller bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA spherical roller bearing is a double-row, self-aligning rolling bearing with barrel-shaped rollers for very high loads and shaft misalignment.
- Stepper motorAutomation & Drive TechnologyA stepper motor is an electric motor whose rotor turns in fixed angular steps driven by controlled current pulses, positioning without an encoder.
- Strategic procurementProcurement & PurchasingStrategic procurement defines in the long term where, how and on what terms a company covers its requirements for materials and services.
- Supplier auditQuality & InspectionA supplier audit is a systematic on-site examination at a supplier, in which a customer assesses quality capability, processes and reliability.
- Supplier consolidationProcurement & PurchasingSupplier consolidation deliberately reduces the number of suppliers in order to cut process costs, pool volumes and simplify management.
- Supplier evaluationProcurement & PurchasingSupplier evaluation is the systematic assessment of suppliers against fixed criteria such as quality, delivery reliability, response time, price and …
- Supplier managementProcurement & PurchasingSupplier management covers the selection, evaluation, development and steering of suppliers throughout the entire business relationship.
- Supplier relationship management (SRM)Procurement & PurchasingSupplier relationship management (SRM) is the systematic shaping of relationships with suppliers, from selection and evaluation to targeted …
- Supplier’s declaration (preferential origin)Foreign Trade & CustomsA supplier’s declaration is a statement by the supplier on the preferential or non-preferential origin of goods within the supply chain.
- Supply shortageSpare Parts & ObsolescenceA supply shortage exists when a material is not available in the required quantity or by the required date, putting supply at risk.
T
- Tail spend managementProcurement & PurchasingTail spend management steers the share of procurement spend spread across many small, irregular orders with numerous suppliers.
- Tapered roller bearingAutomation & Drive TechnologyA tapered roller bearing is a rolling bearing with conical rollers that can carry high radial loads and axial loads in one direction at the same time.
- Temperature sensor (Pt100)Automation & Drive TechnologyA temperature sensor detects the temperature of media or components; in industry, the Pt100 resistance thermometer is the most widely used type.
- Terminal blockAutomation & Drive TechnologyA terminal block is a connecting element mounted on a DIN rail that securely and detachably connects conductors in a control cabinet.
- ThermocoupleAutomation & Drive TechnologyA thermocouple is a temperature sensor made of two joined metals that generates a temperature-dependent thermoelectric voltage through the Seebeck …
- Total cost of ownership (TCO)Procurement & PurchasingTotal cost of ownership (TCO) captures all costs of an asset over its life cycle, from purchase price through operation and failures to disposal.
- Total productive maintenance (TPM)MRO & MaintenanceTotal productive maintenance (TPM) is a concept from Japan that makes operators and maintenance jointly responsible for the availability of equipment.
- TraceabilityQuality & InspectionTraceability is the ability to follow the origin, processing and whereabouts of a part or material completely by means of unique identification.
- Transmitter (signal converter)Automation & Drive TechnologyA transmitter converts a sensor signal into a standardised, interference-resistant output signal such as 4–20 mA that control systems can process …
U
- UKCA markingStandards & MarkingThe UKCA marking is the British conformity mark for products placed on the market in Great Britain, comparable to the CE marking.
- Ultrasonic sensorAutomation & Drive TechnologyAn ultrasonic sensor measures distances or detects objects by emitting sound pulses above the audible range and evaluating the travel time of the …
V
- Vacuum pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA vacuum pump draws gases or vapours out of an enclosed space and creates a pressure there below atmospheric pressure.
- Valve actuatorHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA valve actuator is an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive that automatically operates valves such as butterfly valves, ball valves or globe …
- Valve terminal (valve manifold)Hydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA valve terminal combines several pneumatic valves on a common base plate with a central compressed air supply and grouped electrical control.
- Vane pumpHydraulics, Pneumatics & SealingA vane pump is a positive displacement pump in which radially movable vanes in an eccentric cam ring form pumping chambers of varying size.
- Vendor managed inventory (VMI)Spare Parts & ObsolescenceVendor managed inventory (VMI) is a model in which the supplier monitors stock at the customer's site and replenishes it independently.
- Vibration analysisMRO & MaintenanceVibration analysis is a condition monitoring method that measures machine vibrations in order to detect damage to rotating components early.
W
- Wear partsSpare Parts & ObsolescenceWear parts are components that wear out in normal operation through friction, load or ageing and are replaced at regular intervals.
- WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment)Standards & MarkingWEEE refers to waste electrical and electronic equipment and to EU Directive 2012/19/EU, which governs its take-back, recovery and producer …
- Worm gearboxAutomation & Drive TechnologyA worm gearbox is a right-angle gearbox in which a worm shaft drives a worm wheel, achieving high ratios in a single stage.
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